![]() Inclusion criteria included cases of PMD at different stages. Corneal tomography findings recorded were keratometry, pachymetry, elevation, and tomographic indices and patterns (exaggerated against-the-rule astigmatism, crab claw, and butterfly shape). Corneal tomography data were evaluated using Sirius Scheimpflug Placido topography (CSO, Florence, Italy). The data extracted included the demographic data (age, sex, and laterality) and clinical data (uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in decimal notion, sphere, cylinder along with slit-lamp biomicroscopy findings. This study was retrospective cross-sectional, including all patients who attended and sought refractive surgery at Sohag Center for Corneal and Refractive Surgeries, Sohag, South Egypt, between October 2016 and October 2020, and had a diagnosis of PMD. Our study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the demographic, clinical, and tomographic characteristics of PMD patients in South Egypt. The main location of maximal corneal thinning and steepening are the main findings that clinically differentiate between both entities, with PMD corneal thinning being more peripheral. Studying PMD cases and differentiating them from Keratoconus (KCN) cases is of pivotal importance in everyday refractive practice, given the fact that KCN has been extensively studied with little light shed on PMD. Surgical management includes intracorneal ring segments, full-thickness crescentic wedge resection, lamellar crescentic wedge resection, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, and penetrating keratoplasty (PK). The management of PMD includes various modalities of treatment, including spectacles, rigid gas-permeable contact lenses. This corneal pattern corresponds with a topographic map that shows the classical “butterfly” pattern. Ĭorneal topographic analysis shows flattening in the vertical meridian, inducing a marked against-the-rule astigmatism and a significant steepening around the area of maximum thinning. It was used to describe the clarity of the cornea and the absence of any corneal scarring, lipid deposition, or corneal vascularization, despite the presence of ectasia. This ectatic corneal morphology causes against-the-rule astigmatism accompanied over time with visual loss. Pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) is defined as a non-inflammatory, progressive peripheral ectatic corneal disease characterized by a narrow band of inferior corneal thinning separated from the limbus by an uninvolved area.
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